With this proposal we try to bring you one of the most fascinating and misunderstood periods of art history: the birth and growth of the avant-garde, a crucial event in the break with the dominant tradition from to 4 centuries.
Sandro Boticelli Born of Venus.
This trip is structured around three sections: 1. The appearance of the first innovative movements; 2.The development of the historical avant until the outbreak of World War II, and 3. The emergence of most original artistic trends in the art of the second half of the twentieth century.
BREAKING WITH TRADITION
In the late nineteenth century a new society emerges, as result of scientific, philosophical, political changes … and art will echo these changes.
There are new aesthetic theories that will accommodate both the beautiful as ugly and the vulgar. This contributes both Romanticism, pushing subjectivity, such as realism, with its elevation of the everyday and anecdotal to the level of art.
African masks
Currents arises a series of individual personalities that are far from linear perspective and modeling of the Renaissance.
We estimated previously ignored new art forms, like primitive cave art, African art, and especially the Japanese print.
Hiroshige print
The artist ponders its true role motivated by factors such as new discoveries and theories, as a) the Einsteins relativity, b) the optical laws c) Freud’s psychoanalysis, d) the emergence of media transport, result of the Industrial Revolution, and especially e) the development of photography, which drives him to paint, and not what you see, but to interpret it in a more personal way.
Newton wheel
Figurative system is in crisis, you start to appreciate painting for its own qualities and abandons the conception of sculpture as mere statue.
Gargallos prophet
Art has become a vehicle for transmitting experience and knowledge.
IMPRESSIONISM
The story begins in 1874 in the studio of the photographer Nadar, which presented some works by painters like Monet, Manet, Renoir, Degas, Pissarro and Sisley.
We can summarize its principles in three characteristics:
1. His biggest concern is the representation of light
2. The colors are juxtaposed on the canvas, to be the viewer’s retina which merges the result.
3. Use a loose brush, allowing them to paint faster.
IMPRESSIONISM
His story begins in 1874 in the studio of the photographer Nadar, which presented some works by painters like Monet, Manet, Renoir, Degas, Pissarro and Sisley.
We can summarize its principles in three characteristics:
1. His biggest concern is the representation of light
2. The colors are juxtaposed on the canvas, to be the viewer’s retina which merges the result.
3. Use a loose brush, allowing them to paint faster.
Claude Monet
Edgar Degas, dance lesson
NEOIMPRESSIONISM
It was one of the first alternatives to impressionist painting. Its main protagonists were Seurat and Signac.
These painters provide a scientific basis to Impressionism.
Paul Seurat. Sunday afternoon at the Grand Jatte
They analyze the effects produced in a color that surround by small dots of pure tones.
Attach great importance to drawing and composition.
POSTIMPRESSIONISM
It is composed of series of independent artists, based on teachings Impressionists, investigated new forms of expression, interpreting reality from the light, color and drawing.
PAUL CEZANNE
It was the most revolutionary. Simplifies the volumes of nature in a series of geometric shapes (cylinder, cone and sphere)
Card Players
VINCENT VAN GOGH
The dutch expressed with twisted and meandering brushstrokes and a colorful expressive, vehicle of his emotions
PAUL GAUGUIN
He was standard bearer of primitivism, he moved to Tahiti in full production in search of pictorial culture without conventions.
His painting exalts colour, used in a symbolist and decorative sense.
HENRY DE TOULOUSE LAUTREC. Find in cabarets and parisian cafes inspiration for their works. Retrieves the value of the line and drawing. Raises the billboard to the art level.
SYMBOLISM
• By 1880 there is the symbolism, a movement that rescues intuition, imagination and the power of the symbolic through images, representing ideas and contain a message.
• The Symbolists escape from reality, and to do take refuge in literary worlds, hidden and mysterious.
• The symbolism is ultimately a defense of spirituality directly related to music and literature.
Alma Tadema
Everett Millais
MODERNISM
This movement, known as Art Nouveau in France, is closely linked to the symbolism.
It is a style that recreates in nature, using curves and sinuous lines.
It reaches all the arts, and most important area will be the applied arts.
Special importance will Gaudi Catalan modernism, or the Belgian Victor Horta.
Gaudi Facade and Horta gallery
In this movements we find the born of the XX century art. Tomorrow we´ll see the historical avant-gardes. I hope you liked!!
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